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Enlarge Images without Loss
If you have photoshop (or an application which supports photoshop plugins) you can buy a plugin called Genuine Fractals http://www.ononesoftware.com/detail.php?prodLine_id=2 which lets you scale up images with very little loss.
My guess is that those sort of camera's shoot at a very high resolution and save the resulting image in a RAW or other 'lossless' format such as TIFF. A lot of consumer digital cameras produce jpeg images, which as a 'lossy' format, means a lot of image data is lost before you have even started. (the more data the easier to enlarge and perform other adjustments on)